When independent variable A and dependent variable B have a strong positive correlation, what can we conclude?

When independent variable A and dependent variable B exhibit a strong positive correlation, it indicates a relationship where increases in A are associated with increases in B. However, correlation does not imply causation. This means that while the two variables may vary together, we cannot definitively conclude that one variable causes the other based solely on the correlation observed.

The statement that A causes B or that B causes A suggests a direct cause-and-effect relationship, which cannot be established without further investigation or research. Additionally, the statement that A and B are equal implies a direct equivalence rather than a correlation, which also isn't supported by the nature of correlation. Hence, the conclusion that none of the specified options accurately describes the relationship is the most appropriate.